Development of professional tolerance in medical students through professionally-oriented foreign language training

Global sociocultural transformations in the modern world are associated with expansive digitalisation and its impact on human life. Given the advantages of digital technology development, a number of significant problems arise, in particular, social differentiation, commercialisation of socionomic professions, information consumerism, emotional estrangement due to the virtualisation of communication, a shift in value orientations, replacement of traditional moral norms with their destructive simulacra. There is a clear need for intensification of educational activities in higher education focused on the humanisation of public consciousness, the promotion of social cohesion and the development of the moral backbone of an individual. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the theoretical and methodological foundations of tolerance development in students. The aim of this article is to clarify the concept of professional tolerance of a doctor and describe the strategy of its development in students in the process of foreign language training. Considering the issue of professional education of future doctors, the authors note that the vector of students’ spiritual and moral development is determined by the values, attitudes, and norms of medical ethics and deontology. Herewith, the principle of tolerance is of the basic ones since professional medical practice is based on regular interpersonal interaction. The authors define the concept of a doctor’s professional tolerance as the willingness to provide patients with high-quality medical care regardless of the heterogeneity of socio-cultural factors and subjective personal aspects. This concept assumes the doctor’s tact, empathy, psychological flexibility and poise. The proposed strategy for the development of professional medical tolerance in students via professionally-oriented foreign language training involves the holistic formation of its cognitive, affective and conative components through the educational content and the parity in subject-subject interaction. In the development of the cognitive component, considerable importance is ascribed to supplementing the basic educational materials by authentic content of social and professional orientation. The connecting link of the development of cognitive and affective components is the identification and levelling of stereotypes and prejudices regarding socially significant diseases. The basis for the development of the affective component is pedagogical tolerance, a favourable educational environment, interactive activities at classes, and the facilitation of students’ reflection. The development of the conative component of tolerance is directly tied to the development of professional communicative competence of future doctors: the study and development of various speech clichés in the format of interaction with patients; revision of politeness formulas; practicing non-verbal communication means in playing out quasi-professional situations; mastering the speech norms “plain language” and “people-first language”

Functional mammalian spliceosomal complex E contains SMN complex proteins in addition to U1 and U2 snRNPs

Copyright @ 2011 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Spliceosomes remove introns from primary gene transcripts. They assemble de novo on each intron through a series of steps that involve the incorporation of five snRNP particles and multiple non-snRNP proteins. In mammals, all the intermediate complexes have been characterized on one transcript (MINX), with the exception of the very first, complex E. We have purified this complex by two independent procedures using antibodies to either U1-A or PRPF40A proteins, which are known to associate at an early stage of assembly. We demonstrate that the purified complexes are functional in splicing using commitment assays. These complexes contain components expected to be in the E complex and a number of previously unrecognized factors, including survival of motor neurons (SMN) and proteins of the SMN-associated complex. Depletion of the SMN complex proteins from nuclear extracts inhibits formation of the E complex and causes non-productive complexes to accumulate. This suggests that the SMN complex stabilizes the association of U1 and U2 snRNPs with pre-mRNA. In addition, the antibody to PRPF40A precipitated U2 snRNPs from nuclear extracts, indicating that PRPF40A associates with U2 snRNPs

2D/3D Metallic Nano-objects Self-Organized in an Organic Molecular Thin Film

We present the fabrication and investigation of the properties of nanocomposite structures consisting of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metallic nano-objects self-organized on the surface and inside of organic molecular thin-film copper tetrafluorophthalocyanine (CuPcF4). Metallic atoms, deposited under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions onto the organic ultrathin film, diffuse along the surface and self-assemble into a system of 2D metallic overlayers. At the same time, the majority of the metal atoms diffuse into the organic matrix and self-organize into 3D nanoparticles (NPs) in a well-defined manner. The evolution of the morphology and electronic properties of such structures as a function of nominal metal content is studied under UHV conditions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) techniques. Using HR-TEM, we have observed the periodicity of atomic planes of individual silver NPs. The steady formation of agglomerates from individual single nanocrystallites with intercrystallite boundaries is observed as well. PES reveals generally weak chemical interactions between silver and the organic matrix and n-doping of CuPcF4 at the initial stages of silver deposition, which is associated with charge transfer from the 2D wetting layer on the basis of core-level spectra shift analysis. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society

Разработка государственного вторичного эталона и стандартных образцов состава на основе жидкостной и газовой хроматографии

The article is devoted to the development of the state secondary measurement standard of mass fraction units and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on gas and liquid chromatography. The composition of the state secondary measurement standard, as well as the results of evaluating metrological characteristics have been considered. The problem of ensuring the traceability of measurement results to SI units is given in the article. Two approaches are proposed for obtaining a unit from the state primary standard of mass (molar) fraction units and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotopic dilution and gravimetry GET 208-2014: by comparing and using transfer standards. Examples of implementing the indicated approaches used during the development of reference materials of toxic substances, namely a certified reference material for composition of p,p-DDT (p,p-DDT, CRM of UNIIM) and a certified reference material for composition of benz(a)pyrene solution in acetonitrile (C20H12, CRM of UNIIM) are given. Results of determining metrological characteristics of reference materials including standard uncertainty due to characterization and standard uncertainties due to inhomogeneity, short and long-term instabilities are described.Статья посвящена разработке государственного вторичного эталона единиц массовой доли и массовой (молярной) концентрации органических компонентов в жидких и твердых веществах и материалах на основе газовой и жидкостной хроматографии. В работе представлен состав Государственного вторичного эталона, а также представлены результаты оценивания метрологических характеристик. Рассмотрена проблема обеспечения требования прослеживаемости результатов измерений до единиц СИ. Предложено два подхода получения единицы от Государственного первичного эталона единиц массовой (молярной) доли и массовой (молярной) концентрации органических компонентов в жидких и твердых веществах и материалах на основе жидкостной и газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии с изотопным разбавлением и гравиметрии ГЭТ 208-2014: методом сличений и с помощью эталонов сравнения. Приведены примеры реализации указанных подходов, использованные в ходе разработки стандартных образцов токсичных веществ, а именно стандартного образца состава п,п-ДДТ (п,п-ДДТ СО УНИИМ) и состава раствора бенз(а)пирена в ацетонитриле (С20Н12 СО УНИИМ). Описаны результаты установления метрологических характеристик стандартных образцов, включая стандартную неопределенность, обусловленную способом определения аттестованного значения, а также стандартные неопределенности от неоднородности, кратковременной и долговременной нестабильности

Isoforms of U1-70k control subunit dynamics in the human spliceosomal U1 snRNP

Most human protein-encoding genes contain multiple exons that are spliced together, frequently in alternative arrangements, by the spliceosome. It is established that U1 snRNP is an essential component of the spliceosome, in human consisting of RNA and ten proteins, several of which are post- translationally modified and exist as multiple isoforms. Unresolved and challenging to investigate are the effects of these post translational modifications on the dynamics, interactions and stability of the particle. Using mass spectrometry we investigate the composition and dynamics of the native human U1 snRNP and compare native and recombinant complexes to isolate the effects of various subunits and isoforms on the overall stability. Our data reveal differential incorporation of four protein isoforms and dynamic interactions of subunits U1-A, U1-C and Sm-B/B’. Results also show that unstructured post- ranslationally modified C-terminal tails are responsible for the dynamics of Sm-B/B’ and U1-C and that their interactions with the Sm core are controlled by binding to different U1-70k isoforms and their phosphorylation status in vivo. These results therefore provide the important functional link between proteomics and structure as well as insight into the dynamic quaternary structure of the native U1 snRNP important for its function.This work was funded by: BBSRC (OVM), BBSRC and EPSRC (HH and NM), EU Prospects (HH), European Science Foundation (NM), the Royal Society (CVR), and fellowship from JSPS and HFSP (YM and DAPK respectively)

Development of the state secondary measurement standard and certified reference materials for composition on the basis of liquid and gas chromatography

The article is devoted to the development of the state secondary measurement standard of mass fraction units and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on gas and liquid chromatography. The composition of the state secondary measurement standard, as well as the results of evaluating metrological characteristics have been considered. The problem of ensuring the traceability of measurement results to SI units is given in the article. Two approaches are proposed for obtaining a unit from the state primary standard of mass (molar) fraction units and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotopic dilution and gravimetry GET 208-2014: by comparing and using transfer standards. Examples of implementing the indicated approaches used during the development of reference materials of toxic substances, namely a certified reference material for composition of p,p-DDT (p,p-DDT, CRM of UNIIM) and a certified reference material for composition of benz(a)pyrene solution in acetonitrile (C20H12, CRM of UNIIM) are given. Results of determining metrological characteristics of reference materials including standard uncertainty due to characterization and standard uncertainties due to inhomogeneity, short and long-term instabilities are described

Experimental studies of the effect of sea buckthorn and wheat bran in food on the physiological status of rats

The aim of this research paper was a sanitary-toxicological study of the effectiveness and safety of developed functional property products, such as chopped semi-finished products from chicken with wheat bran and shortbread cake with cottage cheese and sea buckthorn, in preclinical studies on laboratory animals. Methods — The effect of new products on the experimental rats was studied using physiological, biochemical, pathomorphological and histological research methods. As a result, it was discovered that the inclusion of foods with wheat bran and fresh sea buckthorn into the diet of experimental animals had a positive effect on the behavioral reactions of rats, the increase of appetite and the rapid growth of animals. Results — The improvement in the metabolic processes physiology of the studied rats was noted in the biochemical and morphological blood parameters. In the experimental group of rats where carbohydrates were partially substituted with cottage cheese shortbread cake and sea buckthorn, a significant decrease in the total bilirubin content was noted; the level of cholesterol in the blood serum of experimental animals from group which received chicken cutlets with bran was 1.4-1.7 times lower than the cholesterol content in animals of the control and other experimental groups. At the same time, statistically significant differences in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin level, the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and amylase, the level of total protein and the creatinine content were not revealed in the group of experimental rats compared with the control group of rats, receiving a standard diet. The histological data showed that the liver structure of the experimental animals had a more pronounced beam and capillary structure compared with the control group, and the condition of the villi and epithelium of the small intestine showed the positive physiological effect of the studied herbal additives in food technology with functional properties. Conclusion — The research results allow us to conclude that the developed products are functional, intended for the systematic use in the composition of food rations by all age groups of a healthy population, which reduces the risk of gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Possibilities of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Apatites with Different Ca/P Ratios

Apatite is widely used in medicine as a biomaterial for bone tissue restoration. Properties of apatite depend on its composition, including the Ca/P ratio. This paper shows what range of Ca/P ratio can be attained in apatite by the mechanochemical method of synthesis, providing fast formation of a single-phase product. The synthesis was carried out from a reaction mixture of CaHPO4 and CaO at different Ca/P ratios in the range of 1.17–2.10. The products were studied by PXRD, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, HRTEM, and STA. In mixtures with a low initial Ca/P ratio (1.17–1.48), directly in the mill, the formation of calcium orthophosphate with whitlockite structure containing an HPO42− group and structural water is shown for the first time. This phosphate has structure similar to that of whitlockites of hydrothermal origin and differs from high-temperature β-tricalcium phosphate that has composition Ca3(PO4)3. A series of samples of apatite was obtained with varied composition, which depends on the initial Ca/P ratio. At Ca/P < 1.67, the formation of two types of calcium-deficient apatite was documented. At Ca/P > 1.67, the existence of two types of calcium-rich apatite is confirmed

Possibilities of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Apatites with Different Ca/P Ratios

Apatite is widely used in medicine as a biomaterial for bone tissue restoration. Properties of apatite depend on its composition, including the Ca/P ratio. This paper shows what range of Ca/P ratio can be attained in apatite by the mechanochemical method of synthesis, providing fast formation of a single-phase product. The synthesis was carried out from a reaction mixture of CaHPO4 and CaO at different Ca/P ratios in the range of 1.17–2.10. The products were studied by PXRD, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, HRTEM, and STA. In mixtures with a low initial Ca/P ratio (1.17–1.48), directly in the mill, the formation of calcium orthophosphate with whitlockite structure containing an HPO42− group and structural water is shown for the first time. This phosphate has structure similar to that of whitlockites of hydrothermal origin and differs from high-temperature β-tricalcium phosphate that has composition Ca3(PO4)3. A series of samples of apatite was obtained with varied composition, which depends on the initial Ca/P ratio. At Ca/P 1.67, the existence of two types of calcium-rich apatite is confirmed